Internationalize a Next.js Project

Add complete internationalization to a Next.js (App Router) project using next-intl v4. This skill handles routing, translation files, sitemap hreflang, and bulk translation across all locales.

Step 1: Assess the Project

1. Check the Next.js version (package.json), must be 13+ with App Router
2. Check if i18n is already partially set up (look for next-intl, next-i18next, [locale] routes)
3. Identify all pages/routes that need translation
4. Identify all user-facing strings (hardcoded text in components)
5. Ask the user which locales to support (default recommendation: en, es, fr, de, pt, ja, ar, zh, zh-tw, id, vi, ms, ru, hi)

Step 2: Install Dependencies

npm install next-intl

Step 3: Create i18n Configuration Files

Create 4 files under src/i18n/:

src/i18n/config.ts

export const locales = ['en', 'es', 'fr', 'de', 'pt', 'ja', 'ar', 'zh', 'zh-tw', 'id', 'vi', 'ms', 'ru', 'hi'] as const

export type Locale = (typeof locales)[number]
export const defaultLocale: Locale = 'en'

export const localeNames: Record<Locale, string> = {
  en: 'English',
  es: 'Espanol',
  fr: 'Francais',
  de: 'Deutsch',
  pt: 'Portugues',
  ja: '日本語',
  ar: 'العربية',
  zh: '简体中文',
  'zh-tw': '繁體中文',
  id: 'Bahasa Indonesia',
  vi: 'Tieng Viet',
  ms: 'Bahasa Melayu',
  ru: 'Русский',
  hi: 'हिन्दी',
}

export const rtlLocales: Locale[] = ['ar']

src/i18n/routing.ts

import { defineRouting } from 'next-intl/routing'
import { defaultLocale, locales } from './config'

export const routing = defineRouting({
  locales,
  defaultLocale,
  localePrefix: 'as-needed', // English URLs stay clean, other locales get /es/, /fr/, etc.
})

src/i18n/navigation.ts

import { createNavigation } from 'next-intl/navigation'
import { routing } from './routing'

export const { Link, redirect, usePathname, useRouter } = createNavigation(routing)